WASHINGTON — The Obama administration offered new guidance Friday on where wind farms should be located to reduce the number of bird deaths while promoting increased use of wind power.
Interior Secretary Ken Salazar said the guidelines, which take effect immediately, provide a scientific basis for developers and government regulators to identify sites with low risk to wildlife while allowing for more wind energy projects on private and public lands.
But a bird advocacy group, the American Bird Conservancy, that lobbied for mandatory standards said the voluntary guidelines will do little to protect hundreds of thousands of birds killed each year by wind turbines because the rules are unenforceable.
Salazar, who called wind power a key part of the administration’s energy strategy, also noted that the guidelines for onshore projects have been endorsed by the American Wind Energy Association and the National Audubon Society, a conservation group.
The guidelines call on the wind industry to eliminate from consideration areas that would pose high risks to birds and other wildlife, and to take steps to alleviate problems by restoring nearby habitat and other actions. If developers follow the guidelines, they are unlikely to be prosecuted under federal law in the event of bird deaths, said Dan Ashe, director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
The bird advocacy group “supports wind power when it is ‘bird-smart.’ Unfortunately, voluntary guidelines will result in more lawsuits, more bird deaths and more government subsidies for bad projects,” said Kelly Fuller, the group’s wind campaign coordinator.
Statistics for the number of birds killed by wind turbines are not available, but a 2008 study by a biologist with the Fish and Wildlife Service estimated that wind farms were killing about 440,000 birds per year in the United States.
The number of wind turbines has grown significantly since then, with overall output increasing from about 25,000 megawatts of electricity in 2008 to nearly 47,000 megawatts in 2011, according to the wind energy association.
The wind industry’s goal of providing 20 percent of the nation’s electricity by 2030 could lead to a million bird deaths a year or more, according to the American Bird Conservancy.
The Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that as many as 1 million birds die annually in oil field pits and waste facilities but said millions more are killed by cars, cats and collisions with buildings, power lines and radio towers.
John Anderson, director of siting policy for the wind energy group, said wind turbines cause a minute fraction of overall bird deaths, less than 3 out of every 100,000 human-related deaths.
Even so, he said the industry has taken steps to reduce the number of birds killed, mostly by restoring habitat and locating wind farms in low-risk areas.
