WASHINGTON — Bank of America must resubmit its plans to raise dividends or buy back stock, the Federal Reserve has ordered, citing weaknesses in the bank’s planning processes.
The Fed announced the decision Wednesday as part of its “stress tests” — an annual check-up of the nation’s biggest financial institutions. This year, 31 banks were tested to determine if they have large enough capital buffers to keep lending through another financial crisis and severe economic downturn.
The central bank is also barring U.S. divisions of two European banks from paying any dividends, saying their planning for financial risks is inadequate. Those divisions belong to Germany’s Deutsche Bank and Spain’s Santander.
The remaining 28 banks can raise dividends or buy back shares. They included JPMorgan, Citigroup, and Wells Fargo & Co., which, along with Bank of America, are the four biggest U.S. banks by assets.
Shortly after the Fed announced its results Wednesday, a handful of banks began increasing their dividends, including JPMorgan Chase and Wells Fargo.
Bank of America, the second-largest U.S. bank, has until Sept. 30 to resubmit its capital plan. If the new plan for its financial management processes isn’t acceptable to the Fed, the regulators said they may restrict dividend increases or share buybacks.
In stress tests in 2013, JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Goldman Sachs were required by the Fed to resubmit their capital plans.
This year, Wall Street powerhouses JPMorgan, Goldman and Morgan Stanley revised their capital plans to reduce their dividend payouts or share repurchases after the initial results of the stress tests.
The notable “pass” among the 31 banks was Citigroup. The bank did not pass last year and Citi CEO Michael Corbat was under tremendous shareholder pressure to make sure Citi got through. Industry analysts had said previously that if Citi did not pass this time, Corbat could have lost his job.
“Citi doing as well as it did is a big positive sign for the industry as a whole,” said Nancy Bush, an industry analyst with NAB Research.
The dividends and share buybacks plans that the Fed considered are important to ordinary investors, and to banks. The banks know that their investors suffered big losses in the financial crisis, and they are eager to reward them. Some shareholders, especially retirees, rely on dividends for a portion of their income.
But raising dividends is costly, and regulators don’t want banks to deplete their capital reserves, making them vulnerable in another recession. Buybacks also are aimed at helping shareholders. By reducing the number of a company’s outstanding shares, earnings per share can increase.
It was the second straight year that the Fed rejected the plans of Santander, which is one of the biggest banks in Europe. Deutsche Bank, Germany’s biggest bank, was added to the testing roster for the first time this year. Santander and Deutsche Bank have extensive U.S. operations, with about $118 billion and $55 billion in assets, respectively.
Still, a Fed official noted that Santander’s U.S. division represents less than 10 percent of its global operations. The affected part of Deutsche Bank’s U.S. operations is small, only 12 percent to 14 percent of the U.S. division.
The Fed said Santander’s U.S. operation showed “widespread and critical deficiencies” with regard to governance, planning for risk and other areas. The affected part of Deutsche Bank’s operations showed “numerous and significant deficiencies” in identifying risks and projecting revenues and losses, the regulators said.
