‘Star-Spangled’ manuscript, flag join for anniversary

WASHINGTON — It’s hard to sing and sometimes hard to remember. “The Star-Spangled Banner” is a challenge for even professional singers, who have stumbled over it at events such as the Super Bowl.

But it is also the national anthem, the patriotic musical symbol of the U.S. sung before many major sporting and government events.

The lyrics were written by lawyer Francis Scott Key to honor the flag flying over Baltimore’s Fort McHenry in what was a turning point against the British in the War of 1812.

And so the anthem is getting its due in its 200th anniversary year, beginning today, Flag Day, with a kickoff event at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History, where the manuscript has been paired for the first time with the actual flag that inspired it, the 30-foot-by-42-foot banner that endured “the rockets’ red glare and bombs bursting in air.”

“People sing the song all the time, but don’t know anything about it,” said Jennifer Jones, a curator and expert on military history at the museum. “These words that we sing were inspired by this flag. Having them in the same place at the same time is exciting.”

Maryland Gov. Martin O’Malley and G. Wayne Clough, secretary of the Smithsonian, will be at the museum today for an event featuring the display and an “Anthem for America” concert. It will be followed by a national simultaneous singing of the anthem at 4 p.m. Eastern in more than 40 venues nationwide.

It has been the nation’s official national anthem since 1931, when Congress approved it after a groundswell of support led by composer and musician John Philip Sousa. Until then, it was one of several patriotic melodies featured at official or military proceedings.

The lyrics were written Sept. 16, 1814, as a poem after he watched the Battle of Baltimore on Sept. 13-14 from a ship in the harbor. He saw the enormous flag “at dawn’s early light,” a relief for the young American democracy.

“Key was a gentleman poet,” said Laura Rodini, marketing director of the Maryland Historical Society in Baltimore. The society owns the manuscript and is loaning it to the Smithsonian through July 6. “He wanted to capture the moment.”

As for the music, historians say Key had in mind a specific popular tune, “To Anacreon in Heaven,” a drinking song. Library of Congress music specialist Loras John Schissel said the tune, honoring Greek poet Anacreon, became a drinking song for the gentlemen’s club called the Anacreontic Society, but a more high-minded one than the term suggests.

But why is the anthem so hard to sing?

“It’s 2 1/2 octaves,” Jones said. “Most people don’t have a 2 1/2 -octave range.”

Added Schissel: “It was written for a man who had an extremely high voice.”

He said that singers who start in A flat instead of B flat can get successfully through the song. But that does require remembering the words, which pop star Christina Aguilera did not do successfully at the beginning of Super Bowl XLV in 2011. Others also have flubbed the lyrics or the tune, though this year Super Bowl organizers brought in an opera superstar, soprano Renee Fleming, to do the honors. As BuzzFeed put it, “She absolutely killed it.”

Historians want the melody, the words and the flag to come together during the anthem’s bicentennial.

“We hope as a national museum, people will be inspired to learn more about history and to be part of history,” Jones said.