Even for a puppy, Kat Donatello’s black Labrador, Austin, was hyperactive. After experimenting with natural supplements on her older dog, Donatello slipped a special biscuit to Austin. “It just kind of took the edge off of him,” she recalled.
The treat contained Cannabidiol, better known as CBD, a chemical compound extracted from the marijuana plant.
The CBD supplements were expensive, and options for pet treats were limited, Donatello said. “So I started spending my winters baking dog biscuits.” She tinkered with the recipe before launching her CBD-laced biscuit company earlier this year.
Austin + Kat, along with Therabis and Treatibles, are among several Cannabidiol-for-dogs businesses that have popped up in the last two years, a time period during which CBD pet product sales nationwide doubled, according to data kept by cannabis industry analytics firm MJ Freeway. It’s the newest trend in America’s booming half-billion dollar animal supplements market, which is expected to grow by more than $150 million in the next four years.
CBD is one of over 80 active cannabinoid chemicals in marijuana, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Unlike tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBD doesn’t create a euphoric sensation. In other words, these biscuits won’t get your dog high. But there is debate as to what effect the compound has on our furry friends and whether they should be consuming it at all.
Academic research about CBD’s affect on animals is nearly nonexistent, and the Food and Drug Administration has not approved marijuana use in animals. Still, some veterinarians recommend its use, and producers say pet stores are beginning to carry CBD treats. Treatibles is in talks for its products to be sold at a big-box pet store, though an executive wouldn’t reveal which one as the deal is pending.
Veterinarians views on the supplement vary. Asked about CBD’s effectiveness on dogs, Robert Goggs of Cornell University’s College of Veterinary Medicine said there is “virtually no evidence in the veterinary literature.”
Veterinarians Robert Silver and Gary Richter recently hosted a course on the cannabis-dedicated learning website Green Flower titled the “Cannabis for Pets Masterclass.” Contacted by phone, Richter acknowledged that scholarly literature is lacking.
“A lot of what we’re using is extrapolated data from humans, as well as just real-world experience on what works,” he explained. If it works for humans, he argued, it could work for dogs.
Testimonials
In lieu of research, the CBD-for-dogs industry cites supportive veterinarians and customer testimonials as evidence of the products’ effectiveness. On the website for Treatibles, which makes edible hemp products for animals, an October interview with the owner of a mixed-breed pup named Shelby described how the dog, plagued with anxiety and fear, settled down after eating a Treatibles product.
Human studies have linked CBD to anti-seizure, anti-inflammatory, and anti-anxiety effects. In findings presented to the Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control in June of last year, Nora D. Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, said CBD could potentially aid those suffering from Alzheimer’s, stroke, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. Despite the largely positive feedback in Volkow’s presentation, she warned that additional research on CBD is necessary. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) agrees and hopes to review further scientific studies on CBD.
CBD is often purchased online, which is technically a violation of federal law, according to DEA spokesman Russell Baer. “Extracts or derivatives from the cannabis plant are Schedule I controlled substances — just like the plant itself,” Baer said in an emailed statement. “There is widespread illegal distribution of purported CBD products-regardless if they are derived from the marijuana plant or hemp plant,” he added.
At a time when the nation faces an opioid crisis, the DEA’s attention is not on CBD, and sterilized cannabis seeds can be legally used in animal feed mixture. Asked about the legality of the business, Therabis called it a “complex situation.” Austin + Kat’s Donatello expressed frustration with the DEA’s position in light of the federal Controlled Substances Act and her ability to buy CBD products at Walmart.com.
Silver, the vet and a consultant to Treatibles, said on behalf of the company that the law is murky and referenced the Farm Act, a 2014 document passed by Congress to reform agricultural programs. The act mentions industrial hemp research and defers to state laws on industrial hemp cultivation.
