UNITED NATIONS — More than 100 nations have approved a declaration calling on governments to intensify efforts for safe and orderly migration, crack down on human smuggling and trafficking, and ensure that migrants are respected and receive health care and other services.
The 13-page declaration was adopted by consensus by U.N. member nations attending a four-day meeting to review the first international agreement dealing with migration. The Global Compact was approved by the U.N. General Assembly in December 2018, and participants at last week’s meeting recommended that the 193-member world body also endorse Friday’s declaration in the coming months.
Assembly President Abdulla Shahid said many migrants leave their countries to find work, while others are forced to leave due to violence, poverty, environmental degradation and climate change.
“Regardless of their circumstances, the international community has a responsibility to ensure that the human rights of everyone involved are respected,” he told a news conference earlier Friday.
The declaration expresses concern “that progress achieved in facilitating and harnessing the benefits of safe, orderly and regular migration is slow and uneven in many areas” and stresses that “greater efforts are needed by member states to develop ambitious national responses for the implementation of the Global Compact.”
Antonio Vitorino, director-general of the International Organization for Migration, told a news conference before the adoption that there are several areas where “an extra push” is needed to make the vision of the Global Compact a reality: “respect for human rights, access to basic services, alternatives to the detention of migrants and — above all, I would emphasize — saving lives of migrants.”
The declaration said as many as 281 million people were international migrants in 2020 globally, of whom 48 percent were women and girls and 15 percent were younger than 20. It recognized “the value and dignity of the labor of all migrant workers in all sectors” and said they transferred over $751 billion in remittances, which are “a critical source of support for families and communities,” to their home countries.
The 34-page compact addresses all aspects of migration — why people leave their home countries, and how to protect them, integrate them and cooperate in returning them home safely. Its principles include recognizing the sovereignty of nations and reaffirming that migrants have the same human rights as all other people that “must be respected, protected and fulfilled at all times.”
The compact has 23 objectives “for safe, orderly and regular migration” that seek to boost cooperation in managing legal migration and discourage illegal border crossings.
These include collecting data, ensuring that migrants have proof of their legal identity, promoting faster and safer transfer home of earnings by migrant workers, preventing and eradicating trafficking, providing access to basic services for migrants, and using migration detention “only as a measure of last resort.”
Vitorino said 15,000 migrants have died “in dangerous and perilous migratory tragedies” since the Global Compact was adopted.
“We believe that there’s a need to scale up certain rescue operations, particularly to those migrants who go through the sea, through the desert and through the jungle,” he said.
“We have a number of hot spots and know where the problems are,” Vitorino said, pointing to the Gulf of Aden, the central Mediterranean and the Darién Gap jungle, the inhospitable stretch of land that separates Colombia and Panama.
“We need to be more effective in opening regular pathways for migrations,” he said. “That’s the real alternative to letting migrants be prone to traffickers and smugglers.”
