ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. — Endangered Mexican gray wolves are making more strides, as more breeding pairs and pups have been documented since reintroduction efforts began in the southwestern U.S. more than two decades ago, federal wildlife managers said Tuesday.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service released the results of its annual survey in New Mexico and Arizona, saying this is the first time the population has topped 200 and the seventh straight year that the numbers have trended upward.
In all, at least 241 of the predators were counted, marking a nearly 23 percent increase over the previous year and a doubling of the population since 2017.
Since the first wolf release in 1998, the program has had setbacks due to illegal killings, a lack of genetic diversity and legal wrangling over management.
“To go from zero wild Mexican wolves at the start to 241 today is truly remarkable,” Mexican Wolf Recovery coordinator Brady McGee said.
The annual count started in November, with members of the interagency field team conducting ground and aerial surveys of a rugged forested area along the Arizona-New Mexico line. Aside from tracking radio-collared wolves, they used remote cameras and collected scat to estimate the population.
The work is done over the winter, when the population is most stable.
It’s estimated that thousands of Mexican wolves once roamed from central Mexico to New Mexico, southern Arizona and Texas. Predator-eradication programs began in the late 1800s, and within decades, the wolves were all but eliminated from the wild.
The rarest subspecies of gray wolf in North America, Mexican wolves were listed as endangered in the 1970s, and a U.S.-Mexico captive breeding program was started with the seven wolves remaining in existence.
Wolf-livestock conflicts have been a major challenge of the reintroduction program over the past two decades, with ranchers saying the killing of livestock by wolves remains a threat to their livelihood despite efforts by wildlife managers to scare the wolves away and reimburse some of the losses.
Jim deVos, Arizona Game and Fish Department Mexican wolf coordinator, said recovery for any endangered species is difficult, and this has proven to be the case for the Mexican wolf. Still, he described growth over the last year as stunning.
“By every possible measure, progress was made,” he said, pointing to 31 breeding pairs that produced 121 pups, about two-thirds of which survived to the time of the count. The survival rate for pups in their first year is typically around 50 percent.
The field team was able to capture and collar 21 wolves during the survey. Officials said the additional collars will help them gain a better understanding of wolf activity and help with on-the-ground management.
The cross-fostering of captive-bred pups with packs in the wild also has added to the population and has helped to address concerns about genetic diversity. This year, two of the 11 pups that were fostered survived.
Officials also documented the lowest annual total of wolf deaths since 2017 — six in Arizona and six in New Mexico for 2022. In 2020, 29 wolves were reported dead; in 2021, that number was 25.
