Superintendent of Public Instruction Randy Dorn has proposed a bill that would impose two major tax increases on residents in Washington to raise more money for public education. Calling his proposed tax increases a “blunt but necessary instrument,” Dorn says the new taxes are needed to provide “full funding” for K-12 public education, in response to the supreme court’s January 2012 McCleary v. State of Washington decision.
In 2013, the legislature added $1.6 billion, or 11.4 percent, to education funding in the current state budget, raising state spending to $15.2 billion.
Total education spending from all sources is about $11,300 per student, the highest in state history, and about twice as much as many private schools charge for tuition. In addition, the proposed bill would enact the following tax increases:
• Sales Tax: Dorn wants to increase the state-imposed sales tax by one percentage point from 6.5 percent to 7.5 percent, giving Washington the highest state sales tax rate in the country, tied with California.
• The change would raise the sales tax in Seattle to 10.5 percent. The sales tax in Spokane would increase to 9.7 percent.
• Property Tax: Dorn wants to raise the state portion of the property tax to $3.60 per thousand dollars of valuation.
• At the same time, the maximum amount a local district could impose in property tax would be reduced by the amount of new revenue generated by the increase in the state property tax.
• Local spending ban: Dorn wants to ban school districts from spending local tax money on basic education services in local public schools.
Local taxpayers would only be allowed to fund “supplemental contracts” that pay staff for work beyond core teaching.
Dorn estimates his bill would increase state education spending from the current level of $15.2 billion to $22.7 billion by the 2019-21 biennium, an increase of 49 percent, or $7.5 billion.
Economic analysis of tax policy changes
To understand the effects of Dorn’s proposed tax increases, Washington Policy Center requested the Beacon Hill Institute at Suffolk University evaluate the proposed policy changes using the State Tax Analysis Modeling Program economic model.
The model provides a mathematical description of the economic relationships among producers, households, government and the rest of the economy. It is an equilibrium model because it assumes that demand equals supply in every market (goods and services, labor and capital); this is achieved by allowing prices to adjust within the model (i.e. they are endogenous).
It is computable because it can be used to generate numeric solutions to concrete policy and tax changes, with the help of a computer. And it is a tax model because it pays particular attention to identifying the role played by different kinds of tax and different tax rates.
Higher taxes and job loss
Washington STAMP model estimates that tax increases proposed by Dorn would have the following job-loss effects on Washington’s economy. The model first estimates the effects of sales and property tax changes separately, then estimates the total impact of the proposed bill:
• $1 billion a year sales tax increase would result in approximately 9,800 in total job losses;
• $1 billion a year property tax increase would result approximately 12,700 in total job losses;
• Dorn proposed bill (sales tax plus property tax changes): would result in approximately 18,500 in total job losses.
Conclusion
Dorn says his tax increase is necessary for the state to comply with the supreme court’s decision in McCleary, yet this view shows a selective understanding of what the decision says. In the decision the judges clearly said that simply adding more money to the current unreformed system is not enough to comply with the court’s ruling.
“Fundamental reforms are needed for Washington to meet its constitutional obligation to its students. Pouring more money into an outmoded system will not succeed.”
Since 1990, state lawmakers have increased per-student spending on traditional public schools by 28 percent, adjusted for inflation, yet graduation rates are consistently low, at about 77 percent, and student academic achievement levels remain flat. The graduation rate at private schools teaching similar students is typically over 90 percent.
Dorn’s proposed bill includes no reforms or basic changes in the way education services are provided to children, nor does it provide guidance about how new funding should be used to improve the quality of learning in public classrooms. The proposed bill would not serve the public interest in Washington because it would significantly increase the financial burden lawmakers impose on citizens, would lead to significant job losses and would do little to improve graduation rates and educational outcomes for children.
Liv Finne is the Washington Policy Center’s Center for Education director. For more information, visit www.washingtonpolicy.org.
