New research calls into question what’s in those IV bags that nearly every hospitalized patient gets. Using a different intravenous fluid instead of saline reduced the risk of death or kidney damage, two large studies found.
The difference could mean 50,000 to 70,000 fewer deaths and 100,000 fewer cases of kidney failure each year in the U.S., researchers estimate. Some doctors are hoping the results will persuade more hospitals to switch.
“We’ve been sounding the alarm for 20 years” about possible harms from saline, said Dr. John Kellum, a critical care specialist at the University of Pittsburgh. “It’s purely inertia” that prevents a change.
Kellum had no role in the studies, which were published by the New England Journal of Medicine. Federal grants helped pay for the work.
IVs are one of the most common things in health care. They are used to prevent dehydration, maintain blood pressure or give patients medicines or nutrients if they can’t eat.
Saline — salt dissolved in water — has been the most widely used fluid in the U.S. for more than a century even as evidence has emerged that it can harm kidneys.
Other IV solutions called balanced fluids include saline but also contain potassium and other things that make them more like plasma. They’re widely used in Europe and Australia.
The studies involved 28,000 patients at Vanderbilt University who were given IVs of saline or a balanced fluid. For every 100 people on balanced fluids, there was one fewer death or severe kidney problem.
Since there are about 30 million people hospitalized in the U.S. each year, “there are tens or hundreds of thousands of patients who would be spared death or severe kidney problems by using balanced fluids instead of saline,” said one study leader, Vanderbilt’s Dr. Matthew Semler.
