Dubai loosens liquor laws as alcohol sales decline

DUBAI, United Arab Emirates — Dubai has loosened its liquor laws to allow tourists to purchase alcohol in state-controlled stores, previously only accessible to license-holding residents, as the United Arab Emirates saw the first drop in alcohol sales by volume in a decade.

The new laws, which also let visitors to skyscraper-studded Dubai obtain liquor permits themselves for the first time, come amid a widening economic downturn affecting this oil-rich nation on the Arabian Peninsula.

However, the laws also close a long-standing legal conundrum facing imbibing tourists who travel here. Throwing back shots, sipping a beer or indulging in a Champagne-soaked brunch in this city-state technically remains illegal without a drinker holding a permit, though no bartender ever asks to see one before pouring a drink.

“The United Arab Emirates is facing tough challenges, as changes in both consumers’ buying behavior and demographics started to have an effect,” the market research firm Euromonitor International said in a recent report.

Dubai, home to the long-haul carrier Emirates, draws visitors from around the world to the Burj Khalifa, the world’s tallest building, as well as to resorts on beaches along the Persian Gulf. Tourists wander through miles of air-conditioned malls, travel by SUVs into its rolling deserts and enjoy its many restaurants.

Many also have a drink while here. The United Arab Emirates dominates other countries around the Mideast when it comes to drinking, with a per-capita alcohol consumption of 1 gallon per person per year, according to the World Health Organization. That’s even with Sharjah, one of the UAE’s seven emirates, banning alcohol.

Alcohol means big business, especially for the state. There’s a 50 percent import tax on a bottle of alcohol, as well as an additional 30 percent tax in Dubai on buying from liquor stores. Dubai Duty Free, which is also government owned, sold over $2 billion of goods last year alone to those passing through its airport terminals, including 9 million cans of beer, 3 million whiskey bottles and 1.5 million bottles of wine. Duty-free sales, while limited, never required an alcohol license.

Signs of downturn

The country’s two major liquor store chains are Maritime and Mercantile International, a subsidiary of the government-owned Emirates airline, and African & Eastern. African & Eastern, which did not respond to a request for comment, is believed to be at least partially held by the state or affiliated firms.

Bars and nightclubs in Dubai are almost entirely limited to operating inside of or connected to hotels — even drink receipts at the Dubai International Airport show up as coming from a hotel attached to the airport. But even with those restrictions, alcohol-serving establishments always seem full on Thursday nights, the start of the Emirati weekend.

Slowly, however, that has begun to change. Lower global energy prices, a 30 percent drop in Dubai’s real estate market value and trade war fears have seen employers in the city-state shed jobs. Parking lots don’t appear quite as full as they once were as sale signs plaster shop windows.

That downturn appears to have even extended to alcohol. Overall sales of alcohol dropped to 42.6 million gallons in 2018, down from 43.2 million gallons in 2017, according to Euromonitor. However, tourism helped keep retail prices high overall as some consumers also sought higher-priced liquors, it said.

“Travel and tourism will continue to play an important role in the development of alcoholic drinks in the United Arab Emirates, at least until Expo 2020,” Euromonitor said, referring to Dubai’s hosting of the world’s fair next year. “After Expo 2020, sales will be more influenced by in-country demographics and dynamics.”

The hereditarily ruled government’s Dubai Media Office and the Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing did not respond to requests for comment on the new license program.

However, thinking about tourists, authorities have taken steps in recent years to loosen drinking regulations.