Near the mouth of the Santa Ana River, between Newport Beach and Huntington State Beach, lies the habitat of two at-risk bird species whose survival is threatened by jumping, splashing, barking dogs.
But local authorities may also be partly to blame for the increased risk to the birds by failing to strictly enforce the rules about dog activity near the habitat, according to environmentalists.
The California least tern, an endangered species, and the western snowy plover, a threatened species, nest near the mouth of the river and rely on it to survive. Of the almost 2,400 dogs that were observed on the beach in 2022, about 70 percent were off their leash, which threatens the bird habitat, according to a recent report by Orange County Coastkeeper, a nonprofit clean water organization.
The unleashed dogs are chasing birds or splashing around in areas where they usually feed, said Ray Hiemstra, associate director of policy and projects for Orange County Coastkeeper.
For the least terns, right next to the mouth of the Santa Ana River is their primary nesting place in this area, and when they’re nesting they need a lot of food to survive, Hiemstra said.
“They’re not like our pets or something,” he said. “There’s not just abundant food lying around. They’re always living on the edge. So anything that makes life harder for them … all of that takes away from their ability to either forage and gather food, or it burns up their energy reserves that they have.”
Activists called for the threatened birds to be protected in 2018 after people were seen using the area near the habitat as a de facto dog beach.
The California least terns nest in fenced-in areas near the mouth of the river. Being close to the river and ocean also allows them to fish for their young and teach them to fly.
The snowy plovers nest in mini-enclosures in the area. They stay by the shore to eat kelp, vegetation and invertebrates in the sand.
The least tern population has grown over the years, but they will need to be managed in colonies for a long time, said Scott Thomas, conservation vice chair for the Sea and Sage Audubon Society, which is the Orange County chapter of the National Audubon Society.
Thomas said the least terns have an innate fear of predators such as dogs, and that being chased by them reinforces that fear.
Because of the terns’ fear, he added, there is a pattern that is now seen among them: They fish in the morning, bring their young out, teach them to fly and then leave once they see dogs running around.
Whether a dog is leashed or not, it’s the same to the bird, he said.
The least terns have exceptional eyesight, and just sensing the dogs from a distance can cause them to expend a lot of energy protecting their young during the nesting season, said Catherine Steinberg, 2024 director of the Sea and Sage Audubon Society.
“A lot of different species need the area, and when dogs are here, they can’t use it,” she said.
The jurisdiction of the area around the birds’ habitat is shared by several agencies, with rules and enforcement levels that vary by agency.
The area around the river’s mouth is posted with signs stating where dogs and people aren’t allowed. Signs also warn that the area is a habitat for the plover and the least tern.
Steinberg said she hasn’t seen dog activity decrease in the couple of years since the signs were erected.
Hiemstra said that because of the different rules and levels of enforcement, people are getting mixed messages.
At the Santa Ana River itself, people and dogs are not allowed in the channel. The Orange County Flood Control District is responsible for the river. The area west of the river is Huntington State Beach, where dogs are not allowed on the sand. The area east of the river is Newport Beach, where dogs are allowed on the beach only from 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Before and after that time, dogs are allowed only while on a leash.
However, Hiemstra said, the varying enforcement allows people to disregard the rules at times. On the state beach side, he said, he has seen authorities give out tickets, but fewer tickets are issued in other areas.
