NEW YORK — Most of Wall Street rose Thursday following its big rally from the day before on excitement that several cuts to interest rates may indeed be coming next year.
The S&P 500 gained 0.3% to pull within 1.6% of its all-time high set early last year. The Dow Jones Industrial Average climbed 158 points, or 0.4%, to set a record for a second straight day, and the Nasdaq composite rose 0.2%.
Moderna jumped 9.2% after reporting encouraging data from a study of its treatment for high-risk melanoma that’s used with Merck’s Keytruda. That helped offset a 6.3% slump for Adobe, which gave a forecast for 2024 revenue that fell short of analysts’ expectations.
Stocks have been broadly shooting higher since October on hopes that inflation has cooled enough for the Federal Reserve to not only stop its market-rattling hikes to interest rates but to even begin considering cutting them. Those hopes strengthened Wednesday after the Fed held its main interest rate steady and said the federal funds rate is likely at or near its peak.
More importantly, the Fed released projections showing its median official expects the federal funds rate to fall next year by more than earlier expected. Wall Street loves lower interest rates because they can goose prices for investments and relax the pressure on the economy and financial system.
Other central banks also met this week, and hopes are rising that the pivot toward easier conditions for financial markets and the economy may become global. Both the European Central Bank and Bank of England decided to keep their main interest rates unchanged on Thursday, though each gave signals that cuts are not imminent.
Treasury yields sank further in the bond market as traders bet on a series of cuts to U.S. interest rates coming in 2024.
The yield on the 10-year Treasury fell to 3.91% from 4.03% late Wednesday. It was above 5% in October, at its highest level since 2007, and the sharp drop since then has given the stock market a big boost.
Owners of office parks, hotels and other real estate, which benefit from lower interest rates, were some of Thursday’s bigger winners. Real-estate stocks rose 2.6% for one of the best gains among the 11 sectors that make up the S&P 500 index, including a 7.2% jump for Boston Properties.
Banks were also strong. High interest rates have hurt the industry’s players a rung or two in size below the behemoth banks and helped cause three high-profile collapses earlier this year. Lower interest rates could ease the pressure.
Zions Bancorp, Fifth Third Bancorp, Comerica and Regions Financial all jumped more than 8%.
All told, the S&P 500 rose 12.46 points to 4,719.55. The Dow gained 158.11 to 37,248.35, and the Nasdaq climbed 27.59 to 14,761.56.
But the recent rally for stocks and drop for Treasury yields seem to be banking on the Federal Reserve pulling off what was considered a long shot not long ago.
The hope is that the Fed can manage its interest-rate policy exactly right: first, by slowing the economy and hurting investment prices enough through high interest rates to snuff out high inflation, and then by making conditions easier at the right time to prevent the economy from slowing too much and sliding into a painful recession.
That’s still not assured, as both Fed officials and cautious investors are warning.
One threat is that the economy stays too hot, which would keep upward pressure on inflation and could force the Fed to keep rates high for longer than expected.
A couple reports on Thursday indicated the economy may be stronger than economists had forecast. One showed U.S. shoppers spent more at retailers in November than October, when economists were forecasting a decline. Another report said fewer U.S. workers applied for jobless benefits last week, a signal of a resilient job market.
Treasury yields briefly undid some of their declines following the reports. But traders are still betting on a high probability that the Federal Reserve will cut its main interest rate by at least 1.50 percentage points next year, according to data from CME Group. That’s double what the median Fed official is expecting.
“Our view is that the market is pricing too fast a pace of cuts,” said Solita Marcelli, chief investment officer America at UBS Global Wealth Management.
Critics have said the amount of rate cuts that traders are expecting is unlikely unless the U.S. economy falls into a recession.
In stock markets abroad, indexes were mixed across Europe and Asia. Japan’s Nikkei 225 slumped 0.7% as hopes for U.S. rate cuts drove the value of the dollar down against the yen. That can hurt Japanese exporters.
