Fighting the battle against domestic violence in Clark County

Despite the increase nationally, Clark County’s numbers have remained relatively static.

“It’s pretty consistent. We’ll have spikes due to a case that involves multiple victims, which is going to be a larger number for the year, but then sometimes we’ll go several years without having a (domestic violence) homicide in the city,” said Tanya Wollstein, a detective with the Vancouver Police Department’s Domestic Violence Unit.

However, since Gov. Jay Inslee issued a stay-at-home order due to the COVID-19 pandemic, law enforcement agencies have seen reports of domestic violence climb. Still, state lawmakers and local law enforcement, prosecutors and advocates have made strides in how domestic violence cases are handled through collaborative efforts.

Inslee earlier this month signed into law the Tiffany Hill Act, which will give domestic violence victims access to technology that will help them monitor the location of their abuser. It takes effect June 11. Senate Bill 5149, sponsored by Sen. Lynda Wilson, R-Vancouver, passed unanimously in Olympia earlier this year.

Wilson and Wollstein, who worked on Hill’s case, have both said they believe the law would have saved her life.

“In general, domestic violence is a constant issue and needs more attention, awareness and education,” Wollstein said.

About 40 percent of the police department’s call volume is domestic violence-related, Wollstein said. About three-fourths of serious assaults and two-thirds of misdemeanor assaults that the Clark County Sheriff’s Office handles are attributed to domestic violence crimes, Sgt. Brent Waddell said.

Domestic violence calls prompt a two-officer response, which is needed to separate the couple so they can be interviewed individually.

Officers identify the primary aggressor. Both people may have injuries. Both may have committed a crime to some extent, even in self-defense. Under state law, the person who takes an initial argument to a physical, criminal level holds the most responsibility.

That determination is based on statements and evidence from the scene, historical documentation of domestic violence involving the parties and whether a no-contact order was violated. Each event is “situationally dependent,” Wollstein said, but there are commonalities among most instances of domestic violence.

Relationships don’t turn violent immediately, Wollstein said. Instead, the abuse starts with manipulation — making the victim in the partnership lose trust in their own thoughts and feelings, she said. The popular term for this abuse is gaslighting. Over time, victims become more accepting of other forms of abuse, and it gets more difficult to separate them from the situation.

In homicide-suicides, an abuser threatening suicide is one of the most intimidating forms of manipulation, said Nichole Peppers, a program manager at YWCA Clark County.

To what extent Tiffany Hill had been gaslighted is unclear, but Rene Sundby, president of the Sarah J. Anderson PTA, told lawmakers in January that Keland Hill had been abusing her for a decade. In North Carolina, he was arrested on suspicion of attempted murder, for strangulation, but the case was dismissed.

Once Tiffany Hill decided to leave her husband, his violence ramped up. Keland Hill stalked her and made unwanted contacts, despite a court order barring him from doing so. Peppers said there are victims who do everything in their power to escape abuse but are still killed.

Gun-related domestic killings up nationally

Keland Hill tried to buy a gun while he was harassing his wife. A background check thwarted his attempt. He was still able to get his hands on a firearm, and authorities have yet to explain how he did it.

According to a study last year looking at gender and homicide, which used FBI data, gun-related domestic killings increased by 26 percent from 2010 to 2017. The findings were first reported by HuffPost. Clark County’s numbers for gun-related domestic homicides are too small to identify trends.

The presence of a gun in domestic violence situations can increase the risk of homicide for women by as much as 500 percent, according to the National Domestic Violence Hotline. Additionally, a study published last year by the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that a higher rate of gun ownership is tied to a higher rate of domestic violence homicide, but the connection does not exist for other gun homicides.

Of the 56 domestic violence homicides statewide in 2018, 24 involved a firearm, according to annual crime reports. In 2017, 23 of 49 cases involved firearms, according to the reports.

Several domestic violence homicide cases in the county over the past several years involved guns.

Stephanie “Sam” Westby stands accused of first-degree domestic violence murder in the 2019 death of her husband, 51-year-old Joseph Westby. Investigators say there was no record of police calls to the couple’s Camas residence.

The Westbys’ children told investigators there were rifles in the home, because Joseph Westby hunted with his son. Sam Westby allegedly shot her husband with a pistol, so there was another weapon in the home, according to investigative reports.

In a murder-suicide case that didn’t get a lot of attention, Sanella Polutan, 39, was shot and killed by her husband, Ahmed Polutan, 43, at their Orchards-area home in January 2017.

Investigative reports say Ahmed Polutan liked to hunt and was a “possessor of firearms.” He wanted to be a professional fighter and would only take part-time jobs so he had time to pursue his passion, the records say.

Robert W. Clark was sentenced in November 2018 to 10 years in prison for the attempted murder of his wife at The Heathman Lodge in Vancouver. His wife escaped the hours-long attack when she was able to grab her handgun from her purse and fire it near Clark’s head. Investigative reports say that she said she was an “avid gun person” and always carried a firearm in her purse.

Research has shown that a victim having a gun is neither prohibitive nor protective, according to Wollstein.

“It statistically doesn’t help or hurt a victim. People need to know how to handle a gun, how to access that gun safely and efficiently, but also, you need to ask yourself when you’d be willing to use the gun and under what circumstances,” Wollstein said.

Collaborative efforts

Survivors may find themselves in the offices of the Domestic Violence Prosecution Center. It serves as a central space where detectives, city and county prosecutors, and advocates collaborate.

The Vancouver Police Department has made strides in how it handles domestic violence cases due, in part, to an International Association of Chiefs of Police grant received in January 2018, Wollstein said.

The grant allowed the police department to revise its domestic violence policy, establish a sexual assault policy, create a sex assault investigator position and appoint officers who have or will receive special training on sexual assaults. About one in five women and one in 12 men have experienced sexual violence by an intimate partner, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The police department also has reworked the documents it uses at the onset of an investigation, which record details such as the victim’s state of mind and injuries, relationship status and needed medical treatment.

“All these things will help us give a better, more consistent and trauma-informed response with better reporting that just makes it easier on the victim and more informative for our detectives,” Wollstein said.

The police department also facilitates partnerships among organizations offering services to victims and survivors. It connected Vancouver-based National Women’s Coalition Against Violence and Exploitation and PeaceHealth Southwest Medical Center to start the Rape Victim Dignity Clothing program. The program ensures that sexual assault victims, both men and women, have something to wear after leaving behind their clothes as evidence. The clothing is also available to domestic violence survivors, and more recently, homeless people who visit the hospital due to the novel coronavirus.

The sheriff’s office has a detective responsible for all follow-up on domestic violence crimes who is attached to the Major Crimes Unit and works out of that office, said Sgt. Todd Barsness. It is constantly trying to update training in a number of areas, including domestic violence and sexual assault, according to the sergeant.

“Recently, we completed a checklist for patrol response to sexual assault investigations that will assist deputies in making sure that critical evidence and statements are retained,” Barsness said in an email. “Although this seems like a simple thing, it actually is a large step in assisting our patrol deputies who will be the initial face of these investigations until a more formal investigation can be initiated.”

The investigative details are imperative for prosecutors, who handled 1,432 misdemeanor domestic violence cases and 333 felony cases last year, according to data provided by the Clark County Prosecuting Attorney’s Office.

The prosecutor office’s domestic violence unit is the only unit that partners with city attorneys. Under state law, cities are responsible for prosecuting all misdemeanors and gross misdemeanors within their limits. The center in Vancouver was created 20 years ago to pool resources and improve efficiency, because the city and county were handling cases with the same people, Vancouver City Prosecutor Kevin McClure said.

“A joint unit means that crime victims can be served by one advocate and ideally minimize the trauma of having to tell their story multiple times,” McClure said.

Community shelter and resources

YWCA operates the only domestic violence shelter in the county.

The organization’s SafeChoice Domestic Violence Program offers an array of services for survivors that are designed to be easy to access, Peppers said.

The secured shelter — the location of which is kept confidential — has 10 bedrooms that can house as many survivors plus dependents, for up to a total of 34 people. It’s also pet-friendly.

Advocates staff the shelter around the clock. Much of the organization’s work on domestic violence is guided by employees and partners who support and advise survivors.

Law enforcement, prosecutors and advocates all lamented that more should be done.

McClure, the city prosecutor, said he has been involved with domestic violence prosecution for more than two decades and feels that the community should be more outraged by the issue.

“No one should feel unsafe in their home. Domestic violence is totally unacceptable but the criminal justice system alone will never solve the problem. Educating the community and supporting the victims and survivors of this plague is a crucial part of ending domestic violence,” he said.